Changes in the Level of the Caspian Sea and its Infl uence on Historical Processes in the Lower Reaches of the Volga in the Middle Ages (analysis of materials of hydrology and archaeology)

The author analyzes the materials of hydrological and archaeological research examines historical processes that took place in Volga River delta Middle Ages. Modern data on hydrology Caspian Sea, changes its water level, area mirror land are presented. A detailed schedule level Sea time interval 7th– 15th centuries is given, which allows us to identify favorable periods for human economic activity. There three natural corresponding epochs – Khazar Khaganate, Saksin region Golden Horde. For each epoch, a physical geographical characteristic list known sites proposed. dependence areas developed by man fluctuations shown. Catastrophic sea rises occurred X century throughout 13th century, influenced further development Lower territories, noted. In Horde period stands out, falling during reign khans Uzbek Janibek peak cultural flourishing Ulus Jochi. On basis forecast, prospects outlined search, discovery study currently located under waters Sea.